"I doubt I could stand another season of injuries like the one I have just had," the defender told a news conference on Friday.
"If the problems continue next season I will have to quit. These things happen in football."
The 35-year-old missed Spain's triumph at Euro 2012 after having surgery on his right knee last May, and fractured his cheekbone in Barca's second league game at Osasuna in August.
"My objective is to arrive 100 percent fit for the new season," he said.
"My idea is to complete the three years on my contract and I hope to play until I am 40 and retire here."
Puyol won his 100th Spain cap in a 3-1 friendly win over Uruguay in Doha in February, but has been left out of Vicente del Bosque's squad for next month's Confederations Cup in Brazil.
"Del Bosque has always kept in touch with me," Puyol added, while dismissing a question over whether he was considering ending his international career.
"We'll see what happens. Now is not the moment."
La Liga champions Barca play their last game of the season at home to Malaga on Saturday, when a victory would enable them to match the league record of 100 points set by Jose Mourinho's Real Madrid last year.
