A 3-1 victory at Malaga on Sunday completed a Spanish best first half of a La Liga season with 55 of a possible 57 points in the bag, surpassing Guardiola's 52-point record for the same spell two years ago.
Holders Barca are back in action against fifth-placed Malaga at the Nou Camp on Wednesday in a King's Cup quarter-final first leg, when cancer sufferer Vilanova has the chance to move a step closer towards his first piece of silverware.
"The league isn't won yet. I am a fan of mathematics," he said after the Malaga game.
"It will get more difficult from now on. Coming up we have the cup and the Champions League. We aren't invincible. If we ease up, we will lose games."
Vilanova was Guardiola's assistant and remains a close personal friend, but his early success has been all the more impressive considering he was forced to constantly re-jig his defence at the start of the campaign.
The former Arsenal captain was overlooked by Guardiola for key games towards the end of last season but has now become a fixture in Barca's slick-passing midfield alongside Xavi, Andres Iniesta and Sergio Busquets.
Guardiola had a special relationship with World Player of the Year Lionel Messi, who was too distraught to even attend his former boss' farewell news conference, but the change in coach has not disrupted the Argentine's incredible goal-scoring rhythm.
The 44-year-old is still combining chemotherapy and radiotherapy treatment with his work after last month's second operation but is keen to play down his illness.
"I am well and able to work," he said. "But in my case, I love football. To be with the players, to kick a ball and to train, there is no better therapy.
"I want to be the protagonist for my work, not for my illness."
"I don't think this game sets a benchmark for the cup encounters," Vilanova said. "We will probably use different players and so will they. Each duel is unique."
