The 25-year-old has spent the last two seasons at Signal Iduna Park, but failed to become a first-team regular and managed just three goals in 35 Bundesliga appearances for Dortmund.
That has not deterred Hertha from signing Schieber, who joins for an undisclosed fee on a contract that ties him to the German capital until at least 2018.
"I would like to thank the coaching staff, my great BVB team-mates and the outstanding fans, who have always supported me, for two great years," he told Dortmund's official website.
"I've learned a thing or two from [Dortmund head coach] Jurgen Klopp, practised every day at the highest level and played in a Champions League final.
"These are things that will stay with me. We are parting on amicable terms, and that makes me very happy."
Dortmund sporting director Michael Zorc added: "We would like to thank Julian for the eventful time we had together and wish him all the best for his future career."
