The former Juve captain led the club to three straight Scudettos during his time at the helm as well as securing back-to-back Supercoppa Italiana successes.
Conte also agreed a new deal with the Italian champions in May that would have kept him under contract for a further year until 2015.
However, the club confirmed on Tuesday that the deal has been mutually ended, stating he had become tired with Juve's dominance.
"There was a path, a journey. I matured a lot, I grew a lot. But at a club like Juventus, you must always win. And that is tiring," he said.
"I must thank all my players, they helped me become a winning coach. I thank the club and [president] Andrea [Agnelli], who selected me three years ago."
However, he quashed suggestions this was behind his decision to quit, adding: "I'm living in the present, I'm thinking about this decision I just took."
Conte has had to deal with plenty of speculation regarding the club's star players in recent months, with Arturo Vidal and Paul Pogba both linked with moves away.
