Columbus endured a disappointing season in the MLS, finishing outside of the Eastern Conference play-offs for a second consecutive year.
However, they will now hope for a turnaround in their fortunes under Berhalter, who takes over from interim head coach and technical director Brian Bliss.
"Gregg's strong vision, passion, work ethic, intelligence, data-driven decision making, broad soccer network and playing credentials separated him throughout this search," Precourt told the club's official website.
"His unique skill-set gives us great confidence in boldly changing the structure of our soccer operations, with Gregg leading as our first-ever sporting director.
"I believe this structure will allow us to achieve a consistent winning culture and best practices that will lead to repeatable success, year-in and year-out.
"I expect great success for the Columbus Crew under Gregg's leadership in the years to come."
